Genomics & Proteomics

Web Sites:    Genomes Online DB   

See also functional assessment of DNA

Genomics is the study of not just single genes (genetics), but of the functions and interactions of all the genes in the genome. As the sequencing of the human and mouse genomes nears completion, the apparently similar number of genes in species of different complexities suggests that other sources of genomic richness are important, such as gene regulation, post-translational modification, and alternative splicing.

Less than 2 percent of the human genome codes for proteins, while over 50% represents repeat sequences of several types, whose function is less well understood.

Proteomics is the analysis of the complete complements of proteins present in defined cell or tissue environments (i.e., context dependent) and their variation in space and time.

Proteins are classified into clusters of orthologous groups  based on functions of the protein like translation, transcription, etc.

The genome is to the total genes in an organisms. the proteome comprises the total proteins produced by the genes of a cell or an organism under a given set of conditions during a particular growth phase. Cells of different organs possess the same genome, but changing proteomes. The Human genome project has sequenced all human genes. 30,000 genes account for 200,000 distinct proteins. T

The Human Proteome Initiative (HPI) is a major project to annotate all known human protein sequences by their function, structure, subcellular location, post-translational modifications, polymorphisms (cSNPs "coding for single nucleotide polymorphisms and SAPs "single amino acid polymorphisms), similarities to other proteins, etc.

Proteomics has some unique challenges which includes the fact that the cellular proteome is dynamic and constantly in a disease state, cellular proteins can be modified in multiple ways according to the stimuli and thus one must develop optimal experimental conditions for each protein, proteomic techniques still require improvement and the entire human proteome database has not yet been completed.

A general scheme for proteomics is taking 1) Protein complexes    2) Separating these complexes by 1 or 2 dimensional gel electrophoresis, 3) excising the proteins from the gel and digesting them with trypsin into peptides, 4) identification of the proteins using LC/tandem Mass Spec

 

Click on the Link Below for Your Cross-reference

Bioinformatics       Protein Separation        Protein Identification     Informatics  

 overview of SELDI system   

Quantitative Proteomics    Structural Characterization    Phosphorylation of proteins

 Protein Function  Cancer Proteomics    Disease Proteomics    Chemical Proteomics   

Glycomics    Pharmacogenomics    Metabolomics    Protein Arrays  

 Drug Development

 

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