Cluster of differentiation (CD)
CD molecule information (NIH) Common cell surface markers are the following: CD3 which is a T cell receptor coreceptor. CD4 molecule is a relatively non-polymorphic, 55 kDa surface glycoprotein comprised of four…
Surface markers
Activation Markers CD62L, CCR7, CD45RA and CD28 are present on naive cells. Cells which no longer express these cell surface markers have been previously activated. CD45RO, granzyme A and bcl2…
Prokaryotes
Introduction: The term prokaryote describes a cell type or collectively the organisms in the Domains Bacteria and Archaea. The two prokaryotic domains, Arcahe and Bacteria, are not closely related, although…
Organs & Tissues
Internal organs characteristic of vertebrates includes a liver, kidneys, and endocrine glands. All vertegrates have a heart and a closed circulatory system. Endocrine glands: secrte hormones that help regulate many…
Nuclear receptors
See also receptors The nuclear receptor superfamily is a large superfamily whose ligands are small hydrophobic signal molecules which diffuse directly across the plasma membrane and bind to these intracellular…
Hemorheology
Hemorheology is the science of blood circulatory flow mechanics. It is important with respect to abnormal blood physiologic function, disease, premature fatigue or reduced performance following exposure to non-disease related…
Lipid Droplets
Structure of Lipid Droplets: Lipid droplets are organelles with a different structure form the rest of the endomembrane system. They consist of a netral lipid core surrounded by a single…
Nucleus
There is a bidirectional flow of proteins through the nucleus. tRNAs and mRNAs are synthesized, for example, in the nucleus and transported out to the cytosol. Vice versa, proteins like…
Mitochondria
Structure: Mitochondria contain an outer mitochondria membrane that serves as an interface between the organelle and the cytosol, a highly folder inner mitochondrial membrane that appears to forming protins for…
Lysosomes
Lysosomes are digestive vesicles that arise from the Golgi apparatus. They contain high levels of a vareity of enzymes that can degrade proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and carbohydrates. The lysomesal…