DC subsets in humans
Introduction: Human DCs comprise at least four types defined under cytokine-driven conditions in vitro. These include conventional or "myeloid" DCs: (1) CD14+ blood monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs); 2) dermal DCs or…
cytokines & chemokines produced
Cytokines produced by DCs DCs are known to produce the following cytokines: DCs are efficient producers of IL12 that acts in inducing Th1 responses upon antigen presentation by these APC. …
dendritic cells
Videos: Genentech (showing phagocytic cells taking in antigens) Introduction: The dendritic cell is one of the major means by which innate and adaptive immune systems communicate. It is believed that…
monocytes
See also Macrophages and T cell priming by DCs Introduction: Cells of the monocytic lineage play an essential role in initiating and maintaining immune responses by acting as antigen-presenting cells.…
Immune cells
Monocytes Monocytes, unlike granulocytes, are long lived and can differentiate to become tissue resident macrophages and dendritic cells. Cells of the monocytic lineage play an essential role in initiating and…
Defensins
Defensins are small microbial peptides that are classified on the basis of their size and pattern of disulfide bonding into alpha, beta and theta categories. They are produced constitutively or…
Telomere shortening
Telomere Shortening has been reported to be associated with aging. Telomeres consist of repetitive DNA (TTAGCC) in vertebrates at the ends of chromosomes which, together with specific binding proteins, act as protective cap…
MHC II molecules
See also MHC I molecules Structure: and Divsersity Class II MHC genes encode two different polypeptide chains, an ? chain and a ? chain which associate by noncovalent interactions. The peptide…
MHC I molecules
See also Class II MHC molecuels. MHC class I molecules bind cytosolically derived peptides within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and present them at the cell surface to cytotoxic T cells.…
Hypersensitivity reactions
Introduction/Definitions: Hypersensitive reactions are inflammatory reactions within the humoral (Types I-III) or cell-mediated branches of the immune system that lead to extensive tissue damage. Inflammation is a complex process, accompanied by the…