signal transduction

See also G Protein-Coupled Receptors: Introduction: G proteins are membrane-linked macromolecules whose activities are controlled by binding of the guanosine nucleotides GTP and GDP, which act as molecular switches. Bound GTP turns…

Hsp90 is one of the most abundant proteins of eukaryotic cells, comprising 1-2% of total proteins under nonstress conditions. It is evolutionarily conserved among species, and is essential for cell…

Heat shock proteins (hsps) are highly conserved proteins that play an important role in various cellular processes. They are highly conserved proteins that are induced by a wide variety of…

DAMPS or danger-associated molecular patterns are intracellular components which also induce TLR dependent inflammatory responses. Types of DAMPS High mobility group 1 protein (HMGB1): is an intracellular protein that can translocate…

Calcium (Ca2+) Introduction Ca2+ is a vital second messenger in cells, and it regulates many events in a cell such as gene transcription. Cytoplasmic Ca2+ can be elevated in cells either by…

The annexins (Annexin A or Anneixin II or Annexin 2) are a family of calcium (CA2+) and phospholipid binding proteins that differ from most other Ca2+ binding proteins in their Ca2+ binding…

Useful Links: Expasy Signalling Gateway Biocarta National Institute Aging Reactome (curated resource or core pathways)    cell Signal BIND PathVisio (open source, free apthway drawing tool) NetPath (signal transduction annotated pathway database) Cell signaling is defined by the dsitance…