See also polyphenols, generally
Introduction Definitions:
Curcuminoids: may be obtained form or found in a turmeric extract or may be syntehsized. Curcuminoids include curcumin (see below), tetrahydrocurcuminoids (see below), hexahydrocurcuminoids and octahydrocurcuminoids.
Curcuminoids such as curcuin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin are components of the spice turmeric and have been recommended for a number o medical applications. Research has suggested that curcuminoids can suppress the production of TNF-alpha from macropahges.
Curcuminoids are linear diarylheptanoids that are tumeric extracts used as food coloring agents as yellow pignments and as traditional drugs. (Singh, US 2016/0058713)
Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) (1.7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione) is a phenolic natural product isolated from the rhizome of Curcuma longa (turmeric). Curcumin, the active component of tumeric, has been shwon to exhibit anti-inflammatory and antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic activity. Studies report that curcumin stronlgy inhibits the initiation and promotion of chemical carcinogen-induced tumor formation in mice and the proliferation of various cultured tumor cells. Thes activities may be attributed to the inhibition of certain signal transduction pathways critical to tumor cell growth, such as AP0-1, NF-kB and protein kinase c.
Curcumin is a golden pigment from turmeric which has been linked with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiiral, antibacterial, and antidiabetic properties. Most of these activities have been assigned to methoxy, hydroxyl, alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl moiety or to diketone groups present in curcumin. (Prasad, “Curcumin differs from tetrahydrocurcumin for molecular targets, signaling pathways and cellular resposnes” Molcules 2015, 20, 185-205).
Curcumin, a diarylheptanoid present in turmeric, has shown promise as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent in animal models of kideny failure. However, as curcumin is composed of several phenols and some of these compoudns may exert paradoxical pro-inflammatory effects.
–Tetrahydrocurcumin (THC): One of the major metabolites of curcumin is tetrahydrocurcumin (THC), which lacks alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyl moiety and is white in color. The yellow component of turmeric, is metabolized to white THC and these two compound exhibit distinct activities. Studies have shown that curcumin given intraperitoneally is first biottransformed to dihydrocurcumin and then to THC. THC, one of the major metabolites of curcumin, was very stable in 0.1 M phospahte buffers at various pH values and was more stable than curcumin in 0.1 M phosphate buffer at pH 7.2 (37C). (Prasad, “Curcumin differs from tetrahydrocurcumin for molecular targets, signaling pathways and cellular resposnes” Molcules 2015, 20, 185-205).
Tetrahydrocurcumin is a major metabolite of the curcuminoid, curcumin and can be used for its anti-fibrotic and anti-oxidant activities. Tetrahydrocurcumin can be used to treat renal dmage, hepatotoxicity and hepatic damage. (Singh, US 2016/0058713)
Use in Treatment Methods:
Psoriasis:
Clapp (US 10,835,584, Nuvothera) discloses treating psoriasis which includes applying a anti-microbial gel which includes turmeric or curcumin, a mosturizer such as bromelain and an anti-microbial, such as benzalkonium chloride and sodium chlorite. In some embodiments the composition also includes cortisones, vitamins, green tea catechins, salicylic acid, coal tar, lidocaine and other pain-killers or anti-finlammatory molecuels.
Neurological Disorders:
–in combination Probiotic bacterium:
Van de Wiel (US 2023/0190835) discloses probiotic bacteria in particular combination with herbal active agents such as a curcuminoid and/or a cannabinoid to treat or prevent Alzheimer’s disease. In one embodiment the probiotic bacterium is selected form the genus of Lactobacillus bacteria.