CRISPR (see outline)

Restriction Enzymes

Restriction enzymes are endonucleases from eubacteria and archaea that recognize a specific DNA sequence, called the restriction site. Usually a restriction site is a palindromic sequence about about 4-6 nucleotides. Most restriction endonucleases cleave the DNA strand unevenly, leaving complementary single stranded ends. These ends can reconnect through hybridization and are referred to as “sticky ends”. Once paired, the phosphodiester bonds of the fragments can be joined by DNA ligase.