Medically important bacteria

Medically Important Gram +

Genus–species	Shape	Metabolism	Diagnosis	Symptoms	Virulence factors	location transmission	Therapy
Staphylococci	cocci clusters	facultative anaerobes					beta lactams
–S. aureus			alpha hemolytic coagulase +	TTSS SSSS food poisoning	protein A teichoic acids Exf toxin		penicillins or cephalosporins. vancomycin if methicillin r
–S. epidermidis			gamma hemolytic coagulase –
Streptoccoci	cocci pairs or chains	facultative anaerobes	catalase –
–S pyogenes (Group A)	short to long chains		beta hemolytic	pharyngitis scarlet fever toxic shock	outer capsule		penecillin
–S agalactiae (Group B)	larger than Group A	require complement	beta hemolytic (smaller than Group A)	newborn meningitis pneumonia	outer capsule
–S pneumoniae	lancet shapped pairs or short chains		alpha hemolytic catalase –	pneumonia in elderly & children		throat nasopharynx	vacine
–viridan S.			alpha	dental caries
Mycobacteria	Bacilli (rods)	slow growing	acid fast pigmented
–M. tuberculosis	aerobic		skin test (PPPD)			airborn alveolar MQ	streptomycin riphampin
–M. Leprae			skin test (lepromin)			tropics	dapsone
–M. Avium						opportunistic (AIDS patients)
–M. Kansasi			photo inducible pigment	pulmonary like TB
–M. Marinum						fresh or salt water	antibiotics
–M. Fortuitum		faster growing				wounds, catheters
Bacillus	Bacilli (rods)				spores capsules (some)
—B. Anthracis		catalase + hemalysis –		Cutaneous A inhalation A Gastrointest	EF, PA, LF toxins
Clostridium	Bacilli (rods)				spores	normal flora Gi Tract
–C. Perfringes				gasgangre		normal flora
–C. Difficile					A & B toxins		cessation of antibiotic treat
–C. Botulinum					spores AB Toxins	home canning
–C. Tetani					spores	wounds

Medically Important Gram –

Genus–species	Shape	Metabolism	Diagnosis	Symptoms	Virulence factors	location transmission	Therapy
Neisseria	cocci; pairs		oxidase + catalase +
–N. gonnorheae	cocci; pairs			PID (women)	capsule pili (pillins)	2nd most common STD
–N. Meningitides	cocci; pairs	aerobic or facultative	oxidase + catalase +		encapsulation hemolysis toxins pili	nasopharygyl	vacines to all serogroups except B
Haemophilus	bacilli					mucus membranes
–H. Influenza		aerobic or facultative			capsule (PRP) pili (adhesins) IgA proteases LPS
Psudomonas
P. aeruginosa	rods	aerobic fastidious	lactose – osidase +		capsule (alginate, some) exotoxin A	cystic fibrosis opportunistic wounds catheters swimmers ear
Bordatella	coccobaccili	aerobic slow growing
B. Pertussis		fasitdious			PT Pertactin filamentous hemagglutin LPS	whooping cough	erythromycin
Rickettsiae	baccili	aerobic					tetracycline
rickettsiae Rickettsii	triad					inside cytoplasm rocky Mt fever ticks	tetracycline
Cociella burnetti						inside vacuoles Q fever endocarditis inhalation
Erliichia cahfefeenisis						erlichiosis	teracycline
Chlamydia	No peptidoglycan pleomorphic	require ATP from host			Elem Bodies Ret Bodies
C. Trachomatic						PID (women) LGV (males) most common STD
Legionella	pleomorphic		silver stains BCYE agar serology (256 titer)		adhesins (MOMP, MIP)	Pontiac Fever Legionnaires D intracelluar
Francisella tularensis	cocco bacillus	aerobe				Tuleremia (rabbit, tick deer fever) facultative intracellular
Brucella
B. abortus	cocco bacillus	aerobic				intracellular (MQ) undulant fevor	tetracycline
Bartonella	rods					intracellular (rickettsia like)	antibiotics
B. henselae and baccilary angiomatosis						immunocompromised
Spirochettes	no LPS thin		not visible w/ gram stain
Treponema Pollidum			darkfield microscopy			Syphillus	penecillin
Borrelia Burgdorferi	larger than other spirochettes					lyme disease
Leptospira interrogans		aerobic				contaminated water	penecillin/tetracycline
Enterobacteriaceae		facultative anaerobic	oxidase –		somatic O LPS capsular K flagellar H	normal flura opportunistic and pathogenic
E. coli	rods	facultative anaerobe	Lactose +	EHEC (Shiga-like) ETEC (diarrhea) heat label Toxin (similar to cholera)	adhesins siderophores alpha hemolysins	in bowel with other coliforms endogenous infections GI fluid loss
Klebsiella pneumoniae					capsules	immunosuppressed
Salmonella enterica			lactose –			contaminated food need large dose
Salmonella typhi				typhoid fev		invade MQ small dose needed
Shigella				S. dysenteriae (bloody diarrhea like EHEC)		fecal-oral route homosexuals infects M cells using actin machinery
Yersinia				bubonic plague (Y. pestis) pneumonic plague		high dose required food, drink or fomites