Anti-oxidants: Antioxidants play an important role that protects skin against ROS-induced injury. Such antioxidants include Ascorbic acid, ?-tocopherol, ?-carotene, selenium, butylated hydroxytoluene and dietary antioxidants
A growing body of evidence suggets that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated by UV radiation, resulting in oxidative damage to cellular components such as mitochondria as well as nuclear DNA damages, which in turn accelerates aging and contributes to skin cancers. The term ROS includes free radicals such as the superoxide anion (O2-) and the hydroxyl radical (OH), as well as nonradical intermediates wuch as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and singlet oxygen (1O2). There is growing evidence that UVA irradiation induces the generation of superoxide anion both in mitochondra and extramitochondrial sites. The O2- is very toxic to tissue and may also result in the generation of ROS of other types
Vitamins and natural compounds
EGCG, a constituent of green tea, has been reported to be a powerful antioxidant protecting skin cells against photodamage.
Vitamin A: has been used as an antagonist to decreased cell growth and elevated collage-degrading matrix metalloproteases while concurrently stimulating collagen accumulation in naturally aged human skin.
Vitamin B3 (nicotinamide): has been shown to reduce the risk the risk of skin cancer as well as pre-cancerous lesions called actinic keratosis.
Foods which contain good vitamins for the skin
Watermellon: contains vitamins A, B6 and C. Mix 1 tablesppon of watermellon juice with with the same amount of greek yogurt for a great soothing lotion for the skin. Spread over your face and leave on for 10 minutes. Rinse and pat dry.
Patents and Skin Compounds
3DG Inhibitors: 3-deoxyglucosone (3DG) and other alpha-dicarbonyl sugars associated diseases and disorders are present and produced in the skin. US Patent Application Publication 20050159383 discloses inhibitors agaisnt 3DG. Dynamis Therapeutics is engaged in products for such inhibitors.
Amiline derivatives: A means to prevent skin deterioration or ageing is to provide compounds scavenging free radicals. EP 0 761 214 for example discloses singlet oxygen quenchers comprising aniline derivative and difufuyl amine derivative, which are reported to reduce the oxidative stress to the skin.
Ascorbic acid: or analogues thereof are disclosed to increase the synthesis of tenascin and/or collagen VII for reinforcing the cohesion at the DEJ (US 2004/0005342).
D-xylene: or esters thereof or oligosaccharides containing D-xylose are disclosed to stimulate the synthesis and/or secretion of proteoglycans and/or glycosaminoglycans by the keratinocytes (US 6495147)
Linoleic acid: has uses in both dietary and cosmetic applications as it is an essential fatty acid vital for skin health and cardiovascular function. It is used in skincare products to help maintain skin moisture, improve texture, and reduce inflammation, and in nutritional formulas to prevent deficiencies. As a dietary component, it is recommended for replacing saturated fats to support cardiovascular health and lower cholesterol.
–Conjugated Linoleic acid:
Linoleic acid (LA) and Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) have the same chemical formula but differ in the arrangement of their double bonds: LA has isolated double bonds, while CLA (a group of isomers) has its two double bonds next to each other (conjugated), creating different chemical properties, forms (cis/trans), and biological effects, with LA abundant in vegetable oils and CLA primarily in meat/dairy, linked to health benefits like anti-cancer and body fat reduction.
Magnesium aspartate/chloride: is disclosed to promote the adhesion of keratinocytes in the epidermal basal layer in the dermal-epidermal junction (US 6471972).
Meroterpene or meroterpene extract is disclosed to help reduct fine lines and/or wrinkles of skin (US 20090036545A1).
Saponins or sapogenols: particularly those extracted from plants such as soya or Medicago are disclosed for treating the skin in order to increase the amount of collagen IV in the dermanl-epidermal junction.
Ursolic acid and/or oleanolic acid: WO 2002/015869
Yeast: extracts are disclosed to retard the degradation of the dermal-epidermal junction to improve the surface condtiion of the skin (^S 6531132).
Flower Extracts:
–-Dendrobium candidum flower extract, has been disclosed as to give an excellent skin improvement effect such as wrinkle improvement, skin brightening, skin trouble improvement, skin moisturizing. US 20210059927
–Dimocarpus longas Fuirt/Vitex trifolia Fruit and/or Aquilaria agallocha Stem extract: US 20200078290 (LG House and Housecare) discloses that the composition including a Dimocarpus longan Fruit, Vitex trifolia Fruit and/or Aquilaria agallocha Stem extract as an active ingredient shows a collagen synthesis-promoting, elastase activity-inhibiting, moisturizing and anti-inflammatory effect.