Proteases

Mechanisms Proteases (also termed "proteolytic enzymes" "peptidases" or "proteinase") attack their substrates using 2 approaches. Exopeptidases remove single residues or dipeptides sequentially from either the N-terminus or C-terminus depending on…

CRISP/Cas9

Introduction to CRISPR/Cas9 Companies: Intellia Aldevron (Danaher) Non-profits: Innovative Genomic Institute  Innovative Genomics Insttitute Education Section  Biopku CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-Cas (CRISPR assocaited) systems are prokaryotic adaptive immune systems…

CRISP

Companies: Beam Therapeutics Caribou Biociences,  CRISPR Therapeutics, Editas Medicine,  Intellia Therapeutics, Poseida, Prime Medicine, Sangamo Therapeutics, Wave LifeSciences, Verve Therapeutics Introduction: CRISPR Cas systems are a main protective mechanism of…

Endonucleases

CRISPR (see outline) Restriction Enzymes Restriction enzymes are endonucleases from eubacteria and archaea that recognize a specific DNA sequence, called the restriction site. Usually a restriction site is a palindromic…

Amylases

Alpha-Amylases: constitute a class of enzymes syntheized by a variety of organisms from bacterial to fungi to humans that break down large molecules known as polysaccharides. Polysaccharides, such as starch and…

Functions of glycosylation

The glycosylation pattern of immunoglobulins (i.e, the saccharide composition and multitude of attached glycostructures) has a strong influence on the biological properties. Glycosylation of IgG has been shown to be…

Characterization & Detection

See also Methods used to separate antibody glycovariants See also Mass Spectrometry (MALDI TOF MS) Detection and Characterization of product associated variants during the product of polypeptides (e.g., antibodies) is important because profiling…

Structures & Types

Definitions Glycan: refers to the carbohydrate portion of a glycoconjugate, such as a glycopeptide, glycoprotein, glycolipid or proteoglycan. Regnier (US8,568,993)  N-glycans Peptides expressed in eukaryotic cells are typically N-glycosylated on asparagine…

Isomers

Definitions: Isomer: of a compound is a separate compound in which each molecule contains the same constituent atoms as the first compound, but with those atoms arranged differently. Thus isomers are…

Hydrocarbons

Definitions: Carbon is a versatile molecule because an atom of carbon can share electrons with other atoms in four covalent bonds that can branch off in four directions. Because C…