TLR2
TLR2 but not mediates responses elicited by components of such as peptidoglycan and lipoteichoic acid. TLR2 recognizes acylated outer membrane lipoporteins of Gram-positive bacteria. TLR2, often with the collaboration of TLR6, binds…
Regulation of TLR signalling
Redox-dependent Control: Many of the kinases, transcription factors, and subsequent gene products induced by the TLR4 ligand, LPS, can be postranslationally modified by ROS. TLR4 Regulation: Antoehr factor that could control TLR4…
TLRs
Science Magazine TLR Connections Map Toll like receptors (TLRs) are transmembrane proteins that localize either on plasma membrane or in intracellular vesicles. They are an evolutionarily conserved family of cell surface…
Pattern Recognition Receptors
The innat immune system dtects the presence of foreign organisms and initiates a coordinated response to eliminate infectious threats. Among the microbial products sensed by innate immune effectors, efficient recognition…
Receptors
Receptors are macromolecules with which endogenous or exogenous compounds interact to produce a characteristic biologic effect. Law Mass Action provides that [L] X [R]/[LR] = Koff/Kon = Kd. Kd is…
Protein Tyrosine Kinsases
PTKs are enzymes that transfer the y-phosphate group of ATP to tyrosine residues on target substrate proteins. They are a large superfamily of enzymes comprising both transmembrane-spanning receptors with an…
PAMPS
See also DAMPS Patent or pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPS) interact with receptors on innate immune cells to initiate protective immune responses.
JAKS
The JAK-STAT family of proteins for signal transduction consists of 4 Janus family tyrosine kinases (JAKI-1, JAK-2, JAK-3, and TYK-2) and seven latent cytosolic transcription factors (). Activated JAKs phosphorylate…
Immunophilins
The immunophilins are a family of protiens that function as receptors for immunosuppressant drugs, such as cyclosporin A, FK506, and rapamycin. The immunophilins occur in two separate classes, (1) the…
Hedgehog
The hedgehog gene family encodes secreted proteins important in many developmental patterning events in both vertebrates and invertebrates. Members of the Hedgehog family of signaling molecules mediate many important short…