Autoimmune Diseases

See also "Hemolytic anemia" under "blood diseases" and "Hemolytic uremic syndrome" under "Kidney diseases".  See also Hypersensitivity Reactions; See also Lupus Introduction: Autoimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS), type…

PI-3 Kinases

See also MAP Kinases Classes and Structure: The PI3Ks are an ancient family of intracellular kinases that evolved to mediate nutrient sensing and metabolic control. In mammals, there are 8…

PKC

PKC activity has been coupled with the preservation of cell survival. The catechin EGCG has been reported to protect neuronal cell lines against cell death induced by 24 h exposure…

Inhibitors of NF-kB

Given the important role that NF-kB plays in the regulation of a large number of proinflammatory genes, there is a growing interest in targeting it in order to affect the…

Activation of NF-kB

All known  have been shown to signal through Toll/IL-1R homology (TIR) domain-containing adaptor molecules, MyD88, and/or TIR domain-containing adaptor-inducing IFN-? (TRIF). Mice deficient in both MyD88 and TRIF are unresponsive to…

NF-kB

Function of NF-kB Nuclear factor NF-?B encompasses an important family of  which plays a central role in immunological processes by inducing expression of a variety of genes involved in inflammatory responses.…

NFAT

NFAT is a calcium-regulated transcription factor which consists of four family members. It plays a crucial role in the transcriptional regulation of several cytokine-encoding genes, including the genes for IL-2 and…

AP-1

AP-1 is a well characterized transcription factor composed of many different combinations of homodimers and/or heterodimers of the Jun, Fos, ATRF (activating transcription factor), and MAF (musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma) protein families. AP-1 regulates the transcription of various…

AIRE

AIRE or Autoimmune Regulator is a putative transcription factor expressed primarily in mTECs that is believed to regulate transcription of many peripheral self-antigens. Absence of AIRE in human patients results…

Transcription factors

In molecular biology and genetics, a transcription factor (sometimes called a sequence-specific DNA-binding factor) is a protein that binds to specific DNA sequences, thereby controlling the flow (or transcription) of…