FcRn
See also use of FcRn for antibody purification See also engineering antibodies to increase/decrease binding affinity for FcRn The MHC class I-related neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is also known as the Brambell…
Fc receptors
See also "antibodies" for discussion of affinity and "isotypes" of antibodies for a discussion of the various effector functions of antibody isotypes. See also antibody engineering and specifically engineering of the FcyRs…
Plasma membrane receptors
Receptors are expressed in all types of cell membranes. Cell surface receptors are typically transmembrane proteins because they bind signal molecules in the extracellular space and generate different intracellular signals…
Signaling through TLRs
from Nature, 430 (2004) Introduction Although different TLRs are activated by distinct agonists, their cytoplasmic domains share the ability to transduct PAMP-generated signals to the IkB kinase (IKK) and mitogen-activated…
TLR9
TLR-9 has a transmembrane domain and other features of a type 1 membrane protein. TLR9 Ligands and Activation: TLR9 is ER protein. DNA is internalized into early endosmome. TLR translocates…
TLR4
from Park et al. Immunity (2005) Ligands recognized by TLR4: TLR4 is the key receptor for most bacterial lipopolysaccharides such as Escherichia coli (Gram-negative bacteria) lipopolysaccharide (LPS). TLR4 detects Gram-negative bacteria through recongition…
TLR2
TLR2 but not mediates responses elicited by components of such as peptidoglycan and lipoteichoic acid. TLR2 recognizes acylated outer membrane lipoporteins of Gram-positive bacteria. TLR2, often with the collaboration of TLR6, binds…
Regulation of TLR signalling
Redox-dependent Control: Many of the kinases, transcription factors, and subsequent gene products induced by the TLR4 ligand, LPS, can be postranslationally modified by ROS. TLR4 Regulation: Antoehr factor that could control TLR4…
TLRs
Science Magazine TLR Connections Map Toll like receptors (TLRs) are transmembrane proteins that localize either on plasma membrane or in intracellular vesicles. They are an evolutionarily conserved family of cell surface…
Pattern Recognition Receptors
The innat immune system dtects the presence of foreign organisms and initiates a coordinated response to eliminate infectious threats. Among the microbial products sensed by innate immune effectors, efficient recognition…