Heat shock proteins
Heat shock proteins (hsps) are highly conserved proteins that play an important role in various cellular processes. They are highly conserved proteins that are induced by a wide variety of…
DAMPS
DAMPS or danger-associated molecular patterns are intracellular components which also induce TLR dependent inflammatory responses. DAMPs (Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns) and PAMPs (Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns) are both molecular signals that trigger…
Calcium
Calcium (Ca2+) Introduction Ca2+ is a vital second messenger in cells, and it regulates many events in a cell such as gene transcription. Cytoplasmic Ca2+ can be elevated in cells either by…
Annexins
The annexins (Annexin A or Anneixin II or Annexin 2) are a family of calcium (CA2+) and phospholipid binding proteins that differ from most other Ca2+ binding proteins in their Ca2+ binding…
Buffer conditions
Besides pH, buffer components also play a role in stabilizing mAbs. Sodium phosphate and histidine are the most commonly used buffer components in commerical formulations. While sodium phosphate is more…
Stability assays
There are various methods available for assessing the stability of protein formulations, incluidng antibody formulations, based on the physical and chemical structures of the proteins as well as on their…
Water soluble synthetic polymers (PEG)
Water Soluble Synthetic Polymers PEG Introduction: Water soluble synthetic polymers have been used for protein stabilizing agents.s Poly-(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is one such polyer that has been extensively studies both…
Immunoglobulin stabilization
See aslo antibody variants in Antibody purification Unpredictability in Antibody Formulations/stabilization mAbs generally have reasonable stability, and about half of all mAb drug products are in liquid dosage form. Goswami (Antibodies 2031,…
Protein Stabilization
Companies working on protein stabilization: Ambient See also Immunoglobulin stabilization and Buffer conditions Importance and Difficulty of Drug Delivery and Formulation The success of most peptide and protein drugs is dependent…
Pharmacogenomics
Pharmacogenomics refers to the entire spectrum of genes that determine drug behavior and sensitivity. It assesses the genetic basis of drug response and toxicity in target patient populations. Pharmacogenetics focuses on drug response as…