Hormones
See also types of hormones. Organisms contain many other kinds of lipids besides fats. Terpenes are long-chain lipids that are components of many biologically important pigments, such as chlrophyll and…
Enzymes
Introduction/Definitions: The unique 3D shape of an enzyme enables it to stabilize a temporary association between substrates, the molecuels that will undergo the reaction. By bringing two substrates together in…
Glycosylation
As to glycomics (see proteomics). As to characterization and detection see outline As to Glycoproteins generally see outline Glycosylation is a form of post- or co-translational modification occurring in all eukaryotic proteins.…
Acids, Bases & Buffers
Definitions: Acid: A chemical compound that releases H+ to a solution is called an acid. --strong acids: include hydrochloric acid (HCL) which is found in your stomach and aids in…
Biochemstry
Biochemistry, sometimes called biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes in living organisms, including, but not limited to, living matter. Biochemistry governs all living organisms and living processes. By controlling…
Defensins
Defensins are small microbial peptides that are classified on the basis of their size and pattern of disulfide bonding into alpha, beta and theta categories. They are produced constitutively or…
Telomere shortening
Telomere Shortening has been reported to be associated with aging. Telomeres consist of repetitive DNA (TTAGCC) in vertebrates at the ends of chromosomes which, together with specific binding proteins, act as protective cap…
MHC II molecules
See also MHC I molecules Structure: and Divsersity Class II MHC genes encode two different polypeptide chains, an ? chain and a ? chain which associate by noncovalent interactions. The peptide…
MHC I molecules
See also Class II MHC molecuels. MHC class I molecules bind cytosolically derived peptides within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and present them at the cell surface to cytotoxic T cells.…
Hypersensitivity reactions
Introduction/Definitions: Hypersensitive reactions are inflammatory reactions within the humoral (Types I-III) or cell-mediated branches of the immune system that lead to extensive tissue damage. Inflammation is a complex process, accompanied by the…