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Treponema pallidum, formerly known as Spirochaeta pallida, is a microaerophillic spirochaete bacterium with subspecies that cause the diseases syphillis, bejel (also known as endemic syphillis) and yaws, which are morphologically and…

Innate Responses to Lp Upon entering macrophages, Lg replicate. But Macrophages mount response which induce pro-inflammatory cytokines (Il-12, IL-1 B, TNF, IL-1B, chemokines). Il-12 is important important because activates NK…

Colony forming unit (CFU): refers to individual colonies of bacteria, yeast or mold. A colony of bacteria or yeast refers to a mass of individual cells of the same organism, growing…

(1) get w black agar plates (Jimmy makes it); (use 2 plates just in case 1 does not grow)  label LP on back of plate with Date and strain #.…

Introduction: Legionella pneumophila is an intracellular gram-negative bacillus that causes acue febrile pneumonia (Legionnaires' disease). Legionella is composed of 48 different species and 70 different serotypes, although L. pneumophila accounts for the vast majority…

See also Enterobacteriaceae  Clinically relevant Gram-negative bacteria include Salmonella, Shigella, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Seratia, Proteus, Morganella, Providencia, yersinia, Neisseria, Moraxella (Branhamella), the Acinetobacter and other less common genera.  Gram-negative bacillis…

Companies: TB Alliance  Tuberculosis (TB), caused by members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, is one of the most common human infectious diseases, causing three million deaths a year world-wide. While the disease…

Introdcution to Upper Respiratory Tract Diseases casued by S. pyogenes The most serious cases of pharyngitis (inflammation of the throat) are casued by Streptococcus pyogenes, a group A streptococcus. S.…

Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcu)s is the etiologic agent responsible for many conditions related to streptococcal infections. It is more commonly known as Group A Strep and has more than 6,000…

Staphytlococcus aureus (S. aureus) is the most virulent Staphylococcus species and causes a variety of infections in humans, both localized and systemic. Most commonly, S. aureus causes a localized skin infection…