DAMPS

DAMPS or danger-associated molecular patterns are intracellular components which also induce TLR dependent inflammatory responses. DAMPs (Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns) and PAMPs (Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns) are both molecular signals that trigger…

Calcium

Calcium (Ca2+) Introduction Ca2+ is a vital second messenger in cells, and it regulates many events in a cell such as gene transcription. Cytoplasmic Ca2+ can be elevated in cells either by…

Annexins

The annexins (Annexin A or Anneixin II or Annexin 2) are a family of calcium (CA2+) and phospholipid binding proteins that differ from most other Ca2+ binding proteins in their Ca2+ binding…

Buffer conditions

Besides pH, buffer components also play a role in stabilizing mAbs. Sodium phosphate and histidine are the most commonly used buffer components in commerical formulations. While sodium phosphate is more…

Stability assays

There are various methods available for assessing the stability of protein formulations, incluidng antibody formulations, based on the physical and chemical structures of the proteins as well as on their…

Water soluble synthetic polymers (PEG)

Water Soluble Synthetic Polymers PEG Introduction:  Water soluble synthetic polymers have been used for protein stabilizing agents.s Poly-(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is one such polyer that has been extensively studies both…

Immunoglobulin stabilization

See aslo antibody variants in Antibody purification Unpredictability in Antibody Formulations/stabilization mAbs generally have reasonable stability, and about half of all mAb drug products are in liquid dosage form. Goswami (Antibodies 2031,…

Protein Stabilization

Companies working on protein stabilization: Ambient See also Immunoglobulin stabilization and Buffer conditions Importance and Difficulty of Drug Delivery and Formulation The success of most peptide and protein drugs is dependent…

Pharmacogenomics

Pharmacogenomics refers to the entire spectrum of genes that determine drug behavior and sensitivity. It assesses the genetic basis of drug response and toxicity in target patient populations. Pharmacogenetics focuses on drug response as…

Pharmacology

X-refs: Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 18th Edition (A.R. Genrmo, ed.), 1990, Mack Publishing Company Pharmacology is a branch of science which deals with with characteristics or properties of a drug, especially those…