Calcium
Calcium (Ca2+) Introduction Ca2+ is a vital second messenger in cells, and it regulates many events in a cell such as gene transcription. Cytoplasmic Ca2+ can be elevated in cells either by…
Annexins
The annexins (Annexin A or Anneixin II or Annexin 2) are a family of calcium (CA2+) and phospholipid binding proteins that differ from most other Ca2+ binding proteins in their Ca2+ binding…
Buffer conditions
Besides pH, buffer components also play a role in stabilizing mAbs. Sodium phosphate and histidine are the most commonly used buffer components in commerical formulations. While sodium phosphate is more…
Stability assays
There are various methods available for assessing the stability of protein formulations, incluidng antibody formulations, based on the physical and chemical structures of the proteins as well as on their…
Water soluble synthetic polymers (PEG)
Water Soluble Synthetic Polymers PEG Introduction: Water soluble synthetic polymers have been used for protein stabilizing agents.s Poly-(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is one such polyer that has been extensively studies both…
Immunoglobulin stabilization
See aslo antibody variants in Antibody purification Unpredictability in Antibody Formulations/stabilization mAbs generally have reasonable stability, and about half of all mAb drug products are in liquid dosage form. Goswami (Antibodies 2031,…
Protein Stabilization
Companies working on protein stabilization: Ambient See also Immunoglobulin stabilization and Buffer conditions Importance and Difficulty of Drug Delivery and Formulation The success of most peptide and protein drugs is dependent…
Pharmacogenomics
Pharmacogenomics refers to the entire spectrum of genes that determine drug behavior and sensitivity. It assesses the genetic basis of drug response and toxicity in target patient populations. Pharmacogenetics focuses on drug response as…
Pharmaceutical Formulations
X-refs: Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 18th Edition (A.R. Genrmo, ed.), 1990, Mack Publishing Company Introduction: Pharmaceutical Formulations relates to the composition, preparation, stabilization, manufacture, and delivery of pharmaceutical products, including active ingredients,…
Types of nanoparticles
Gene delivery is, arguably, the biggest bottleneck in gene therapy. Adeno-associated virus (AAVs) are the historical mainstay, but they are expensive to manufacture and have payload limits and immunological issues.…