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Structure of Lipid Droplets: Lipid droplets are organelles with a different structure form the rest of the endomembrane system. They consist of a netral lipid core surrounded by a single…

There is a bidirectional flow of proteins through the nucleus. tRNAs and mRNAs are synthesized, for example, in the nucleus and transported out to the cytosol. Vice versa, proteins like…

Structure:  Mitochondria contain an outer mitochondria membrane that serves as an interface between the organelle and the cytosol, a highly folder inner mitochondrial membrane that appears to forming proteins for…

Lysosomes are digestive vesicles that arise from the Golgi apparatus. They contain high levels of a vareity of enzymes that can degrade proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and carbohydrates. The lysomesal…

The Golgi Apparatus consists of one or more stacks of disc shaped cisternae, each stack organized as a series of at least 3 functionally distinct compartments, called, cis, medial, and trans…

The extracellular matrix is composed of a variety of proteins and polysaccharides that are secreted locally and assembled into an organized meshwork in close association with the surface of the…

Calthrin-coated vesicles: The major protein component is clathrin. A second major coat protein of clathrin coated vesicles is adaptin which is required to bind the clathrin coat to the membrane and to trap various…

The ER is organized into many branching tubules and flattened sacs extending throughout the cytosol. Its membrane usually constitutes more than 1/2 of the total membrane of an average animal…

Extracellular Vesicles (EVs): See also Drug delivery using exosomes Mammalian cells normally secrete two types of EVs, smaller vesicles of about 30-200 nm that are commonly referred to as exosomes,…