Cluster of differentiation (CD)
CD molecule information (NIH) For a nice listing of CD markers as antigen in various cell types see Lee "Spatial tissue analysis of secondary sarcoma following CAR T cell therapy…
Surface markers
Activation Markers CD62L, CCR7, CD45RA and CD28 are present on naive cells. Cells which no longer express these cell surface markers have been previously activated. CD45RO, granzyme A and bcl2…
Prokaryotes
Introduction: The term prokaryote describes a cell type or collectively the organisms in the Domains Bacteria and Archaea. The two prokaryotic domains, Arcahe and Bacteria, are not closely related, although…
Organs & Tissues
Introduction/Definitions: Internal organs characteristic of vertebrates includes a liver, kidneys, and endocrine glands. All vertebrates have a heart and a closed circulatory system. Endocrine glands: Endocrine glands secrete hormones that…
Nuclear receptors
See also receptors The nuclear receptor superfamily is a large superfamily whose ligands are small hydrophobic signal molecules which diffuse directly across the plasma membrane and bind to these intracellular…
Hemorheology
Hemorheology is the science of blood circulatory flow mechanics. It is important with respect to abnormal blood physiologic function, disease, premature fatigue or reduced performance following exposure to non-disease related…
Lipid Droplets
Structure of Lipid Droplets: Lipid droplets are organelles with a different structure form the rest of the endomembrane system. They consist of a netral lipid core surrounded by a single…
Peroxisomes
Peroxisomes get their name from the hydrogen peroxide produced as a by-product of the activites of oxidative nezymes. Hydrogen peroxide is dangerous to cells becasue of its violent chemical reactivity.…
Nucleus
There is a bidirectional flow of proteins through the nucleus. tRNAs and mRNAs are synthesized, for example, in the nucleus and transported out to the cytosol. Vice versa, proteins like…
Mitochondria
Mitochondria DNA: Pronuclear transfer (youtube video) Introduction: Mitochondria are often called the "powerhouses of the cell" because they generate about 90% of the ATP needed by most cells through oxidative…